ww2 heavy cruiser

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The Baltimore-class heavy cruisers were a class of heavy cruisers in the United States Navy during and after World War II.

Ww2 Heavy Cruiser

Four Baltimores were completed, more than any other heavy cruiser (15 ships were planned in the British District class, but only 13 were completed), along with three ships of the Oregon City group. Baltimore was also the first cruiser in the US Navy to operate without the restrictions of the London Naval Treaty.

Hms Dorsetshire, British Heavy Cruiser, Ww2

Fast and heavily armed, Baltimore cruisers were used primarily in World War II to protect fast aircraft in battle groups from air attack. In addition, their 8-inch (203 mm) main gun and secondary 5-inch (127 mm) gun were commonly used to bombard ground targets in support of amphibious landings. After the war, six Baltimore (St. Paul, Macon, Toledo, Columbus, Bremerton, and Hella) and two Oregon City-class ships (Albany and Rochester) remained in service, while the rest were transferred to the reserve fleet. However, all ships except Boston, Canberra, Chicago, and Fall River were rebuilt for the Korean War.

Except for St. Paul, all ships retaining all weapon configurations had a very short service life (18 years or less), and were decommissioned in 1971, and began to appear on the sale and purchase list. However, four Baltimore-class cruisers were redesigned and became the world's first missile cruisers, two of the three Albany-class and two Boston-class cruisers. The last of these was issued in 1980, and the Chicago remained in reserve until 1991. There is no example of the Baltimore class.

With the outbreak of World War II in September 1939, the US Navy began research into a new class of heavy cruisers, leading to the construction of the Baltimore class. By the time war broke out, the restrictions imposed by the Second London Naval Treaty, which completely prohibited the construction of heavy cruisers, had become obsolete. The Baltimore class is based in part on the USS Wichita, a 1937 heavy cruiser that transitioned to World War II designs between the wars. It is also partially based on the Cleveland class of light cruisers. In profile, the Baltimore resembles a Cleveland-class light cruiser, with one obvious difference: the larger Baltimores carry nine 8-inch (203 mm) guns in three turrets, as opposed to twelve 6-inch (152 mm) gun. One gun in four of Cleveland's three turrets.

Construction of the first four Baltimore-class ships began on 1 July 1940, and four more were ordered before the end of the year. A second order for 16 more ships was confirmed on August 7, 1942. Although cruisers suffered heavy losses in the first 14 months of the Pacific War, completion of the fleet was delayed as the Navy gained the upper hand. . Construction of Cleveland-class lighter ships, as many of the lighter ships could be completed more quickly for deployment in carrier groups. With the first eight Baltimore-class ships slowly underway, the US Navy used the time to review and improve the initial plans. The new, revised design itself was delayed, so construction began on six ships - 14 in total - using the original design until the changes were completed. The last three ships ordered were converted to a second design, known as the Oregon City class. Between 1943 and 1947, 17 ships of the Baltimore and Oregon City classes entered service. Construction of the eighth vessel (Northampton) was suspended, to be completed in 1950 as the flagship/command ship. Five more were built but canceled and cancelled, and one was never started before it was cancelled.

Pensacola Class Heavy Cruisers (1928)

The largest contractor to build Baltimore-class ships was Bethlehem Steel, which built eight ships at the Fore River Shipyard in Quincy, Massachusetts. The New York Shipyard in Camden, New Jersey completed four, and the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard in Philadelphia completed two. The ships are named after US cities, the only exception being USS Canberra, which is named after HMAS Canberra (sunk in the Battle of Savo Island), which is named after Australia's capital, Canberra. The "CA" classification originally stood for "armored cruiser" but was later used for heavy cruisers.

Twelve of the ships completed at Sevte (including three Oregon cities) were commissioned before the Japanese surrender on 2 September 1945, although only one saw action in the Pacific theater of operations and the European theater. In 1947, nine of the Baltimore were decommissioned and placed in the reserve fleet, while seven (Hela, Toledo, Macon, Columbus, St. Paul, Rochester, and Albany) remained in service. However, in the early 1950s, six were recommissioned (Macon was decommissioned for four short months: June–October 1950), giving the thirtieth a chance in the Korean War. Of these, six were used for escort missions and coastal bombers in Korea, while the rest were deployed in other parts of the world. Four ships were taken out of service: Fall River was never commissioned, Boston and Canberra were commissioned as Boston-class missile cruisers (CGs), and Chicago was recommissioned after being converted to an Albany-class which is CG.

After the Korean War and because of the high cost of keeping them in service; Beginning with Quincy in 1954, some in Baltimore were sent to good jobs. In 1969, six ships were still commissioned; five (Boston, Canberra, Chicago, Columbus, Albany) CGs, and one unmodified ship, Saint Paul, saw active service in the Vietnam War, providing gunnery support. St. Paul was the only member of the class (having served 26 years) and was decommissioned in 1971. Boston and Canberra in 1970, Columbus in 1975 (29.5 years of service), and finally Chicago in 1980. In 1972, all four of the original Baltimore were sold for scrap after being scrapped, and the Chicago was the last in 1991.

Canberra was the only one to suffer fire damage during World War II when she was hit by an airborne torpedo on 13 October 1944, killing 23 m in the engine room and immobilizing the ship. The ship capsized and the two boiler rooms were flooded with 3,000 tons of seawater. She was escorted by her sister ship Boston, and as a result the two ships missed the crucial battle in Leyte Gulf. A year later, repairs were completed at the Boston Naval Shipyard and Canberra was assigned to the Atlantic Fleet. In June 1945, the Pittsburgh hurricane tore off the bow of the wheel, but no one was killed. The ship battled in 70-knot (130 km/h; 81 mph) winds to Guam, where she underwent temporary repairs before arriving at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard for a full overhaul. A detached bow of the Pittsburgh remained at sea and was later taken to Guam and destroyed.

Wwii Italian Navy Venezia Heavy Cruiser Model Kit

During the Korean War, on April 12, 1952, 30 were killed by fire from a forward gun turret at St. Paul. In 1953, the same ship was hit by a shore battery without harm to the crew. Hela in 1951 and Los Angeles in 1953 were also hit without damage fighting shore batteries.

In June 1968, Boston, along with its escort, the Australian destroyer HMAS Hobart, was targeted by US Air Force aircraft and fired upon by AIM-7 Sniper missiles. Only Hobart was damaged; Although the Boston was hit, the missile's warhead failed to detonate.

In the latter half of the 1940s, the Navy was planning missile-equipped warships. In 1946, the cruiser USS Mississippi and in 1948 the cruiser USS Norton Sound were modified to test this idea. Both were equipped with, among other weapons, RIM-2 Terrier missiles, which were also used in the first series of operational missile cruisers after 1952. In this first series, two Baltimore-class cruisers, Boston and Canberra. These are the first operational missile cruisers in the world. They were designated the Boston class and returned to service in 1955 and 1956, CAG-1 and CAG-2 were classified as "G" for the missile and retained the "A" as they retained their heavy guns.

In the following years, six Cleveland-class light cruisers were equipped with missiles, and in 1957 the first ship designed as a missile cruiser was completed (Long Beach). The ships also continued to convert, so beginning in 1958, two Baltimore-class cruisers, Chicago and Columbus, and the Oregon City-class cruiser, (considered a sub-class of the Baltimore-class) Albany, were transferred in the new Albania. class These were launched in 1962 and 1964 respectively. Two more ships are planned to be commissioned

Baltimore Class Cruiser

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